Xa kuphononongwa amalaphu afanelekileyo okucoca uthuli, izinto ezimbini ziye zafumana ingqalelo enkulu ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okugqwesileyo: i-PTFE (i-Polytetrafluoroethylene) kunye nemo yayo ebanzi, i-ePTFE (i-Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene). Ezi zinto zokwenziwa, ezaziwa ngeempawu zazo ezikhethekileyo zeekhemikhali kunye nezomzimba, ziye zachaza ngokutsha ukuhluzwa kothuli kwiindawo ezifuna kakhulu, zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezizahlula kwilaphu lemveli ezifana nomqhaphu, i-polyester, okanye nezinto eziqhelekileyo ze-HEPA.
I-PTFE, edla ngokubizwa ngegama layo lophawu iTeflon, yi-fluoropolymer edume ngeempawu zayo zokunganamatheli, ukumelana neekhemikhali, kunye nokunyamezela ubushushu obuphezulu. Kwimo yayo eluhlaza, i-PTFE yinto eqinileyo, eqinileyo, kodwa xa yenziwe yaba zilaphu zesihluzo, yenza umphezulu ogudileyo, ongaphantsi kokungqubana ogxotha uthuli, ulwelo, kunye nezinto ezingcolisayo. Olu mgangatho unganamatheliyo ubalulekile ekuhluzweni kothuli: ngokungafaniyo nezilaphu ezinemingxuma ezibamba amasuntswana ngaphakathi kwimicu yazo (ekhokelela ekuvalekeni),Izihluzi ze-PTFEvumela uthuli luqokelele kumphezulu, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukucoca okanye ukushukumisa. Olu phawu "lokulayisha umphezulu" luqinisekisa ukuhamba komoya rhoqo ngokuhamba kwexesha, inzuzo ephambili kwiindawo ezinothuli oluninzi njengeendawo zokwakha okanye izityalo zokwenza imveliso.
I-ePTFE, eyenziwe ngokusolula i-PTFE ukuze yenze isakhiwo esineembobo, ithatha ukusebenza kokucoca iyise kwinqanaba elilandelayo. Inkqubo yokwandisa ivelisa inethiwekhi yeembobo ezincinci nge-microscope (ngesiqhelo phakathi kwe-0.1 kunye ne-10 microns) ngelixa igcina iipropati ze-PTFE. Ezi mbobo zisebenza njengesihluzo esichanekileyo: zivimba amasuntswana othuli—kuquka izinto ezincinci (PM2.5) kwanamasuntswana angaphantsi kwe-micron—ngexa zivumela umoya ukuba udlule ngaphandle kokuthintelwa. Iimbobo ze-ePTFE ziyakwazi ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke ukusetyenziswa ukusuka kwizicoci zomoya zokuhlala (ukucoca i-pet dander kunye ne-pollen) ukuya kwiindawo zokucoca izimboni (ukubamba iimveliso zokuvelisa ezicolekileyo kakhulu).
Enye yezona nzuzo zibalulekileyo zePTFE kunye ne-ePTFE kukuqina kwazo kunye nokumelana neemeko ezinzima. Ngokungafaniyo nomqhaphu okanye i-polyester, enokuwohloka xa ivezwa kwiikhemikhali, ukufuma, okanye amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, iPTFE kunye ne-ePTFE azinawo amandla kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka ii-asidi kunye nezinyibilikisi. Zinokumelana namaqondo obushushu aqala kwi -200°C ukuya kwi-260°C (-328°F ukuya kwi-500°F), nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibe zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwii-oven, iinkqubo zokukhupha umoya, okanye kwiindawo zangaphandle apho izihluzi zivezwa kwimozulu embi kakhulu. Oku kuqina kuthetha ukuba ubomi obude—izihluzi zePTFE kunye ne-ePTFE zinokuhlala iinyanga okanye iminyaka ngokugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo, ziphumelela ngaphezu kwezinye iindlela ezilahlwayo ezifana nephepha okanye izihluzi ezisisiseko zokwenziwa.
Enye inzuzo kukuba azidingi kugcinwa kakuhle. Ngenxa yomphezulu we-PTFE onganamatheliyo, amasuntswana othuli awanamatheli kakhulu kwizinto zokucoca. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukushukumisa nje isihluzo okanye ukusebenzisa umoya ocinezelweyo kwanele ukukhupha uthuli oluqokelelweyo, ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwaso. Oku kusetyenziswa kwakhona akunciphisi nje kuphela inkunkuma kodwa kunciphisa neendleko zexesha elide xa kuthelekiswa nezihluzo ezisetyenziswa kanye. Umzekelo, kwii-vacuum cleaners zoshishino, izihluzo ze-ePTFE zinokucocwa amaxesha amaninzi ngaphambi kokuba kufuneke zitshintshwe, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokusebenza.
Xa kuthelekiswa nezihluzo zeHEPA—ekudala zithathwa njengomgangatho wegolide wokuhluza amasuntswana amancinci—i-ePTFE iyazimela. Ngelixa izihluzo zeHEPA zibamba amasuntswana angama-99.97% angama-0.3-micron, izihluzo ze-ePTFE ezikumgangatho ophezulu zinokufikelela kumanqanaba afanayo okanye aphezulu okusebenza kakuhle. Ukongeza, ukuhamba komoya okuphezulu kwe-ePTFE (ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esilungisiweyo seepore) kunciphisa uxinzelelo kwiinkqubo zefeni, okwenza ukuba isebenzise amandla amaninzi kuneHEPA kwizicelo ezininzi.
Ukuqukumbela, i-PTFE kunye ne-ePTFE zibonakala njengeendwangu ezibalaseleyo zokucoca uthuli. Indibaniselwano yazo eyahlukileyo yokumelana neekhemikhali, ukunyamezela ubushushu, ukubola okunokwenziwa ngokwezifiso, kunye nokuphinda zisetyenziswe kuzenza zibe nokuguquguquka ngokwaneleyo ukusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla kunye nemizi-mveliso. Nokuba zikwimo yomphezulu we-PTFE onganamatheliyo wokuqokelela uthuli olunzima okanye i-membrane ye-ePTFE eyandisiweyo yokucoca amasuntswana amancinci kakhulu, ezi zinto zibonelela ngesisombululo esithembekileyo nesihlala ixesha elide sokugcina umoya ungenaluthuli kunye nezinto ezingcolisayo. Kwabo bafuna isihluzo esilinganisela ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuqina, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, i-PTFE kunye ne-ePTFE ngokungathandabuzekiyo ziphakathi kwezona khetho zibalaseleyo ezikhoyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-14-2025